November is National Pet Diabetes Month, a dedicated time to spread awareness about diabetes in pets. Just like humans, our pets can develop diabetes, which can impact their quality of life if left undetected or untreated. As a pet owner, it’s crucial to understand what puts your pet at risk, recognize the signs of diabetes, and learn what you can do to support their health. At Hill & Harbour Veterinary Center, we want to equip you with the knowledge to identify the symptoms and understand the importance of preventive care and treatment.
What is Diabetes in Pets?
Diabetes occurs in pets when their body can’t use sugar the way it should. Glucose, the type of sugar in question, is the main source of energy for the body’s cells, and the levels of glucose in the blood are primarily controlled by a hormone called insulin.
If there isn’t enough insulin (or if the body is unable to use the insulin) glucose accumulates in high levels in the blood—a condition called hyperglycemia. When that glucose reaches a certain level, it overflows into the urine—a condition called glucosuria—and draws large volumes of water with it. Because of this, diabetic pets often drink more water and urinate more frequently and in larger amounts.
In diabetic pets, not enough glucose gets transported into the body’s cells. As a result, the cells don’t have enough energy to function normally, and body tissues become starved for energy. This state of metabolic “starvation” causes the body to breakdown fat and muscle tissue. The breakdown of body tissues results in the weight loss often seen in diabetic patients.
In people, diabetes is classified as type I or type II. Type I diabetes occurs when the pancreas doesn’t make enough insulin, and type II occurs when the body can’t respond normally to the amount of insulin the pancreas makes. Although diabetes in dogs and cats is sometimes classified as type I or II, there’s less of a difference between these types in pets than there is in people.
Is Your Pet at Risk for Diabetes?
While diabetes can affect any pet, some factors can increase the risk:
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- Obesity: Obesity is one of the biggest risk factors for diabetes, particularly in cats. Overweight pets have a higher chance of developing insulin resistance, which can lead to diabetes. Ensuring your pet maintains a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is key.
- Pregnancy
- Pancreatitis: A history of pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, can increase the likelihood of diabetes. Chronic pancreatitis can damage the cells responsible for insulin production.
- Hormonal Diseases: Other hormonal disorders, such as Cushing’s disease and hypothyroidism, can predispose pets to diabetes. Certain medications like steroids can also increase the risk, especially if used over long periods.
What Are the Symptoms of Diabetes in Pets?
Recognizing the symptoms of diabetes in pets can make a significant difference in getting them the help they need early on. The sooner you catch the signs, the better the outcome for your pet. Here are the most common symptoms:
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- Increased Thirst (Polydipsia): If you notice your pet is drinking a lot more water than usual, it may be a sign of diabetes. The body’s inability to process glucose efficiently can make pets dehydrated and cause them to drink excessively.
- Increased Urination (Polyuria): With increased water intake comes more frequent urination. You may notice that your pet is asking to go outside more often or that your cat’s litter box is filling up more quickly.
- Weight Loss: Even if your pet is eating normally or more than usual, they may start to lose weight. This is because their body is unable to use glucose as energy and begins breaking down fat and muscle for fuel.
- Lethargy or Lack of Energy: Pets with diabetes often become less active or seem unusually tired. The lack of available glucose for energy can make them sluggish and less playful.
- Thinning Hair and Poor Coat Condition: Diabetes can affect the skin and coat, leading to hair thinning, dry skin, or a lackluster coat.
- Cloudy Eyes (especially in Dogs): Some diabetic dogs develop cataracts, which can cause their eyes to appear cloudy or hazy.
- Weakness in the Hind Legs (in Cats): Diabetic cats may show a unique symptom, where they walk flat-footed on their back legs.
What Should You Do if You Notice These Symptoms?
If you notice any of these symptoms in your pet, contact your veterinarian for an examination and testing. Early detection and treatment of diabetes can help prevent complications and make managing the condition easier. A veterinary examination typically includes blood and urine tests to check for elevated glucose levels.
Treatment Options for Diabetic Pets
Diabetes management requires commitment, but with the right care, diabetic pets can live happy, fulfilling lives. Here’s how diabetes is typically treated in pets:
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- Insulin Therapy: Most pets with diabetes will require insulin injections to help regulate their blood sugar. Your veterinarian will guide you on how to give these injections at home, and most pets tolerate them very well.
- Dietary Changes: A special diet can help regulate your pet’s blood sugar levels. For dogs, a high-fiber, low-fat diet is often recommended. For cats, a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet can be beneficial. Your veterinarian can help you choose a diet that suits your pet’s specific needs.
- Regular Monitoring: Regular blood glucose monitoring is essential for managing diabetes in pets. Monitoring at home or through regular veterinary visits helps ensure that blood sugar levels are kept within a safe range.
- Routine Exercise: Maintaining a regular exercise routine can help keep your pet’s weight under control and improve insulin sensitivity. However, exercise routines should be consistent to prevent fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
- Medication Adjustments: As your pet’s condition changes, your veterinarian may need to adjust their insulin dosage. Consistent follow-up appointments are essential to keep their diabetes well-managed.
Preventing Diabetes in Pets
While not all cases of diabetes can be prevented, you can take steps to reduce your pet’s risk:
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- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is one of the main risk factors for diabetes in pets. A balanced diet and regular exercise can go a long way in preventing obesity and reducing diabetes risk.
- Feed a Balanced Diet: Choose a high-quality diet that’s appropriate for your pet’s age, weight, and health condition. Avoid overfeeding and limit treats, which are often high in calories.
- Regular Veterinary Check-Ups: Annual wellness exams allow veterinarians to detect early signs of diabetes or other health issues before they become serious. For pets at higher risk, more frequent check-ups may be advised.
Take Action for National Pet Diabetes Month
National Pet Diabetes Month is a reminder to prioritize your pet’s health and stay vigilant for signs of diabetes. By understanding the symptoms, managing risk factors, and seeking early treatment, you can help ensure your pet stays healthy and happy.
At Hill & Harbour Veterinary Center, we’re here to support you in keeping your pets in top shape. If you have concerns about your pet’s risk for diabetes or would like to learn more about our preventive services, contact us today to schedule a wellness exam. Let’s work together to give your pet the best quality of life!